专利摘要:
A vibration threading lathe has a cutting tool vibrated by an ultrasonic vibrator and supported by a tiltable frame which is so tiltable that the cutting tool can be inclined at the lead angle of the screw thread. As a result, screw cutting can be accomplished with remarkably low resistance to cutting, without burrs, and with a remarkably low rate of abrasive wear of the cutting tip. This lathe is highly suitable for threading articles of difficult-to-machine materials such as stainless steel, titanium, and beryllium copper, and particularly tubular articles of small diameters and having thin walls.
公开号:SU1160926A3
申请号:SU813300943
申请日:1981-06-23
公开日:1985-06-07
发明作者:Сотоме Татуо;Йокои Фумио
申请人:Пайлот Мэн-Нен-Хицу Кабусики Кайся (Фирма);Юген Кайся Синдо Сессаку Кенкюсо (Фирма);
IPC主号:
专利说明:

1 The invention relates to a screw-cutting machine and more specifically to a vibratory screw-cutting machine for cutting a high-frequency screw thread capable of cutting a thread with high efficiency on difficult-to-machine materials (for example, stainless steel, titanium and bershire bronze) by vibratory cutting, which uses pulsed cutting force.  When cutting threads with a cutter on the surface of a hard-to-cut material (for example, stainless steel, titanium or beryllium bronze) of cylindrical shape with an outer diameter of 10 mm or less and with a thin wall 0.5 mm or less thick, in accordance with the known machining technology, the cutting part of the cutter wears out after processing about 4050 parts and requires replacement.  In addition, passageways are required to fine-tune to a certain size.  Therefore, such a machining operation is unproductive.  .  Even under conditions of machining by cutting, in which it is possible to cut threads in one pass, it is always necessary, after roughing, to make a finishing pass with removal from zero to tens of microns in order to ensure dimensional stability and accuracy of the profile.  Another difficulty is that with a conventional mechanical treatment, in the case, for example, of threading an IZO with a pitch, 5 of stainless steel in one pass, the main component of the resistance to cutting is large (approximately 230 kg).  In order to overcome this great resistance, the drive mechanisms of the cross slide for supporting the cutter and the longitudinal slide of the slide, as well as the tool holder or the tool for holding the cutter, must have high strength and rigidity.  Therefore, the structural parts or the weight of the machine must be made bulky and strong.  A screw-cutting lathe is known, which contains a frame with a drive mounted on it and kinematically connected with each other, a headstock, a feed box, a port carriage 6 with a screw and a cross slide with a tool holder and cutter hj.  The disadvantages of the known machine are the low quality of the thread being cut on the parts of hard-to-machine materials (stainless steel, titanium or beryllium bronze) and the tool life is low.  The purpose of the invention is to increase tool life and the quality of the cut thread.  The goal is achieved by the fact that a cutting lathe containing a frame with a headstock mounted on it and kinematically interconnected drive, feed box, longitudinal slide slide with lead screw and cross slide with tool holder and cutter are mounted mounted on the cross slide and a vibrator associated with the cutter and mounted on the tool holder with the possibility of rotation and vertical movement of the frame in which the tool is placed.  FIG. 1 shows a variant of the proposed danka, top view; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. Z - cutter-carrying parts, front view; in fig. 4 - section BB on.  FIG. H; in fig. 5 - fastening the wedge element; in fig. 6 is a cutter, side view, and a graph for describing oscillatory states at various places on the cutter; FIG. 7 shows the installation state of the tool, side view; FIG. 8 (a, 5, and c) are variants of the direction of oscillations imparted to the dog; in fig. 9 shows the trajectory of movement of the cross slide of the machine support, top view.  Vibratory cutting machine M (FIG. 1) to cut a high-precision thread, it has a spindle head 1 for fastening and rotating a workpiece (blank), for example, a cylinder of a pen, a movable caliper opposite the spindle head 1 on its right side and a retaining cutter 2, a movable caliper 3 located opposite the spindle head , a control device 4 for controlling the movements of the movable caliper 3 and a gear control device 5 for controlling the movement of the longitudinal splines The spindle headstock has a main spindle 6 installed support 7 rotatably supported by the bearing 8 and nicknames rotatable drive motor (not shown).  The main spindle 6 is hollow and has a collet chuck 9 at its front end.  In the latter, the workpiece 10 is clamped so that its outer or prg. The left end is slightly out of front of the cartridge.  If the product to be processed has a tubular form with a thin wall, the collet chuck 9 is provided with a C-ring 11, by which. products 10 are fastened coaxially with the main spin 6.  Blanks of the workpiece 10 is served in the store (receiver) 12, installed on the left side of the spindle head 1.  At the left end of the main spindle 6, a cylinder 13 is provided for actuating the collet chuck, clamped on the peripheral surface by the clamping element 14.  The latter is coupled to the piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder 15, which is parallel to the main spindle 6, and can be set in motion by the pneumatic cylinder to cause the cylinder 13 to slide in the axial direction of the main spindle and thereby open and close the collet chuck 9, for connecting the actuating cylinder 13 to the collet The driver has a known mechanism (not clogged).  Near the left end of the piston rod of the cylinder 15, a microswitch Pu is installed. The workpiece is pushed through the inner surface of the main spindle 6 by means of the pusher 16.  Not far from the cylinder 13 drive collet chuck on the main spindle 6 is fixed to the pulley 17.  Out of the feed box 18, out comes the shaft 19, on which the pulley 20 is attached, which is connected to the pulley 17 through the toothed belt 2. one.  The gear box contains a gear mechanism containing various gears and is adjustable by turning the levers 22 and 23 mounted on the top of the gear box 18. The gear mechanism in the gear box 18 has two output shafts 24 and 25 can be selected as desired by adjusting the gear mechanism.  The two output shafts 24 and 25 of the indent box 18 are supported by their outer parts rotatably on a support plate 26.  On the output shaft 24, a cutting feed coupling (forward rotation coupling) is mounted to move the longitudinal slide to the left for threading. , A return coupling (reverse rotation coupling) is mounted on the other output shaft 25 to return the longitudinal slide to the initial position after completion of the threading.  At the right ends of the output shafts 24 and 25 are fixed pulleys 27 and 28, respectively, which are connected to each other by an endless transmission belt 29.  An electromagnetic brake 30 is connected with the pulley 27, on the output shaft 31 of which the first two-stage tong 32 is fixed.  In accordance with the latter, a second two-stage pin 33 is fixed at the end of the screw 34 of the longitudinal feed, ensuring the movement of the longitudinal slide in the longitudinal direction.  Around the two-stage pulleys 32 and 33 runs with the possibility of selective translation of the endless transmission belt 35.  By converting the transmission belt on the pulleys 32 and 33, the feed rate of the longitudinal slide 36 can be changed.  The movable slide 3 comprises a longitudinal slide 26 mounted slidably in the direction of the axis of the main spindle 6, and a cross slide 37 mounted slidably on the longitudinal slide 36 in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the main spindle.  The rotation of the longitudinal feed screw 34 causes the longitudinal slide 36 to reciprocate in the longitudinal direction.  The cross slide 37 is driven by sliding in the transverse direction by the piston rods of the pneumatic cylinders 38 mounted on the left and right sides of the cross slide.   The pneumatic cylinders 38 are fixedly mounted on a longitudinal skid 36, and their piston rods pass through the guide protrusions and are connected with the protrusions protruding from the left and right walls of the pedestal skid 37.  The control caliper device 4, located near the caliper 3, between the support arms 39, has upper and lower cam cams 40 and 41, spaced with some gaps between them to the right and to the left and moving back from the fixed structure B (Fig. 2).  The upper cam 40 has a large part and a small diameter part.  The lower cam 41 has a diameter equal to the small diameter of the portion of the upper cam 40.  At the rear end of the transverse bands 37, there is a follower pin 42 for engaging with the upper cam 40.  At the rear end of the protruding arm 43 extending backward from the cross slide 37, a follower pin 44 is installed to engage the lower cam 41.  The protruding length of followers, t. e.  the position of their tips, regulate using micrometers, respectively connected with the pins.  In addition, the position of the large-diameter part of the upper cam 40 is adjusted in the longitudinal direction by means of a micrometer mounted on the left side of the left support of the foot bracket 39.  A rear surface of the longitudinal slide 36 is provided with a protruding element, the position of which relative to said rear surface in the longitudinal direction can be adjusted if necessary.  When moving in the longitudinal direction, the projection No. 1 element enters into contact with the driving elements t ,. , and t, the limit switches t and t, installed with a given interval between them in the given places on the fixed structural part, and, moving them, actuates the limit switches t, and t ,,.  The signals received from the limit switches are used to actuate an electromagnetic brake 30, a cut-off clutch and a return clutch.  Similarly, on the right surface of the cross slide 37, a protruding element is provided, intended to actuate the limit switches t and tm. The signal received from the limit switch fYij is used to actuate the direct rotation clutch, and the END switch n. - to confirm the position of the cross slide 37, On the cross slide 37 (Fig. 3 and 4) a tool holder 45 is installed, containing support frames 46 fixedly mounted on a cross slide and spaced from front to back.  Between the support frames 46 there is installed a swinging frame (which can be set at an angle) frame 47 to support the cutter 2, supported rotatably on the support frames in such a way that it allows to adjust its angle of tilt in the direction of its swing.  Attached to the middle part of the oscillating frame 47 are swing axles 48 extending to the outside, inserted into the rotatable supporting elements 49, which can slide in a vertical direction in the support frames 46.  Each mobile element 49 is supported (FIG. H) on the wedge element 50, the rod 51 rests against the thicker end thereof.  At the thinner opposite end of the wedge element 50, the spring 52 is pressed elastically.  Thus, by advancing each wedge element 50 by moving the rod 51 towards or away from the wedge element, the movable element can be raised or lowered, whereby it is possible to raise or lower the vertical position of the corresponding swing axis (t. e.  raise or lower location by. vertical center cutter 2).  The left end of the swinging frame 47 has a channel-like cross-section, and in its in-depth part two channel-like frames 53, the cutter 2 is clamped at the top and bottom.  The upper channel-like frame 53 is fixedly fixed by tightening two screws 54, behind which it passes through the swinging frame 47 from the upper one. its surface to the bottom.  a long screw 55 which extends to the cross slide 37 and abuts against its upper surface.  The swing frame 47 has at its right end a tail portion 56, which is provided with an adjusting screw 57, the end of which abuts the upper surface of the transverse carrier. By adjustable rotation of the adjusting screw 57 and the long screw 55, the angle of the frame 47 relative to the transverse carrier 37 can be adjusted and adjusted.  Between the support frames 46 are fixedly mounted on a cross slide 37 a fixed frame 58 on which an ultrasonic vibrator 59 is mounted with a horn (hub) 60 moving down.  The lower end of the concentrator 60 is connected to the right end (t. e.  the opposite of the worker. end) cutter 2.  The connection point of the hub 60 with the cutter 2 is located on the site of the maximum amplitude of the oscillation wave (Fig. 6), and the points at which the channel-like frames 53 clamp and fix the cutter 2 are located at the points of zero amplitude. The cutting part of the cutter 2 is located at the point corresponding to the maximum amplitude.  The most desirable tool to install. 2 at an angle. is an installation in which the inclination angle of the tool is made by adjusting the oscillating thread from the frame 47 to the elevation angle of the thread helix (Fig. 7).  With this setting of the inclination angle of the cutter at an angle of elevation of the helix, the cutting part of the cutter vibrates (in the case of using the usual bending vibrations) in the direction of the screw thread, and not only the cutting resistance decreases, but the cutting part does not collide with the ridges of the thread it is in the opposite direction to the cutting direction, even if the pitch of the screw thread is very small.  In addition, although bending vibrations are commonly used, which cause the cutter to vibrate in an up and down direction (FIG. 8 c), torsional vibrations can be used, which cause the cutter to vibrate in torsion (Fig.  8S), or about longitudinal oscillations, causing the incisor to vibrate in the longitudinal direction (Fig.  8 8) and used in cutting cases covered.  (external) thread.  Turning screw cutter works in the next way.  Before the threading operation, the rotational speed of the screw 34 of the longitudinal feed is set in accordance with the pitch of the thread being cut by re. shifting the levers 22 and 23 to adjust the gear ratios in the 18 innings box.  At the same time, a long 55 and an adjusting 57 screws set a certain angle of inclination of the rocker 47 to set the cutter 2 at an angle equal to the elevation angle of the helix of the thread being cut.  In addition, to control the trans. Places of the longitudinal 36 and transverse 37 sled according to the diameter of the workpiece 10 regulate the length of the protrusion of the follower pins 42 and the cam mechanism.  the caliper control device 4 by rotating the micrometers.  The distance after which the cutter departs from the cutting surface in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the product being machined is adjusted with a protruding length of the follower pin 42, and a depth of threading is adjusted with the protruding length of the follower pin 44.  In addition, to regulate the time for the tool to move away from the product after processing, the position of the large diameter part of cam 40 is adjusted by rotating the micrometer.  In the state of the machine, in which one thread cutting cycle (internal threading) in the product 10 has already been completed (FIG. 1), clamped in the chuck 9, and when the next threading cycle should start, the longitudinal slide 36 moves to the extreme right position. Before that, the pusher 16 moves to the right and feeds the lowest workpiece in the magazine into the internal cavity of the main spindle 6.  Just before the workpiece-.  The ka, fed into the internal cavity of the main spindle, rests in article 10, the threading on the cutter is already complete, piston-driven. The 15-cylinder pneumatic rod retracts, causing the collet chuck 9 to open.  After that, the newly filed billet rests against the already processed product 10 and pushes it out of the cartridge 9.  At the same time, the new billet is stopped in the inner cavity of the collet chuck 9.  At this time, the piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder 15 extends slightly, thereby securing the coupling of the piston to 9, which clamps the workpiece.  After these actions, the cross slide 37 e. animate the extreme right position (fig. 9) and the protrusion of the cross slide 37 operates a limit switch t4 that triggers the disengagement of the return coupling and activates an electromagnetic brake 30, stopping the longitudinal feed screw 34.  At this moment, the piston rod of the motor cylinder 15 is pushed to pull the collet chuck 9, in which the workpiece is clamped, and actuates the microswitch t.  As a result of the actuation of the microswitch mj, the piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder 38 is actuated, causing the cross slide 37 to move from the P position to the Pj position (Fig. 9).  The movement of the cross slide 37 stops when the follower pin 44 comes into contact with the bottom cam 41.  At this moment, the protrusion on the right side of the transverse sheath 37 actuates the limit switch t, which causes the release of the brake 30 and the engagement of the clutch 24 of direct rotation.  As a result, the longitudinal feed screw 34 rotates in the forward direction at a predetermined speed and the longitudinal slide 36 moves to the left or in the thread-cutting direction.  After the cutting part of the cutter 2 comes into contact with the inner surface of the right end of the product 10, thread cutting begins.  Then, when the thread cutting is completed and the cross slide 37 is moved to position P (Fig. 9, limit switch p2 is activated.  which causes actuation of the electromagnetic brake 30 and at the same time disengagement of the clutch for direct rotation and retraction of the piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder 38.  Then the cross slide 37 is moved slightly backward in order to retract the tool from the treated surface.  In this case, the cross slide 37 is shifted to the P position.  During the movement of the cross slide 37 from the PJ position to the P position, a new product is fed into the cartridge 9.  When the longitudinal slide 36 moves to the left, the follower pin 44 slides along the lower cam 41, while the follower pin 42 moves in the transverse direction at a small distance from the large diameter part of the upper cam 40 and when the piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder 38 extends into contact with it, as a result of which the incisor moves a little away from the treated surface.  During removal of the cutter from the machined surface, the delay circuit provides the coupling for the reverse rotation coupling and the longitudinal slide 36 moves to the right, with the follower pin 42 sliding along the large diameter part of the cam 40.  Then, when the cross slide 37 has reached the position Pg, the following pin 42 is lowered along the inclined surface of the cam 40 and passes to its part having a small diameter.  At this time, the cross slide 37 is moved from the position Pg to the position Pg, after which, under the control provided by the contact between the tracking pin 42 and the small diameter part of the cam 40, it is returned to the position shown in FIG. one.  The position Pj of the cross slide 37 is set so that it corresponds to the position at which the tip of the cutter moves to the left of the left end toward the outer side of the product 1O.  During the thread cutting operation, the cutting part of the cutter, to which the ultrasonic vibrator 59 communicates bending vibrations, vibrates in the direction of elevation of the helix (t. e.  in the direction of cutting) thread.  Therefore, the cutting resistance is markedly reduced and accurate threading becomes possible.  In addition, due to this noticeable reduction in cutting resistance, the longitudinal 36 and transverse 37 sled is not required, the profile cams 40 and 41 and the following pins 42 and 44 have greater rigidity, besides, the drive of the longitudinal 36 and 37 transverse sled has a sufficiently small drive power.  In addition, the clamping force of the collet chuck 9 can be reduced, which significantly increases the service life of the tool, and the entire machine can be made smaller.  , 1 In addition to cutting threads on the inner surface of the work piece, the proposed screw cutter can similarly carry out thread cutting on the outer surface of the workpiece.  .  As with traditional mechanical machining, the movement of the longitudinal and transverse slides of the caliper of the proposed machine can be accomplished with a hydrocopy system or lever-cam feed system, and digital (or programmed control using servo drives (stepper motors or permanent motors) can be carried out current).  Example (mechanical treatment).  Screw thread is cut on the material of the workpiece on the wine tapping machine.  Material: stainless steel, Japanese industrial standards (DIS), designation SUS 304, hardness HV 200-300, outer diameter 8. 4 mm, internal diameter 7.7 mm, wall thickness 0.35 mm, a profile of a thin-walled hollow cylinder.  The thread parameters (male or male thread) are as follows: a pitch of 0.75 mm, a thread height of 0.13 mm, a width of the base of the thread 0.3 mm, a cutting length of 5 mm, and a thread profile angle of 60.  Mode of operation of the machine: 20000 Hz, the amplitude of the cutting part of the tool, experiencing bending vibrations 1. 5 µm, the oscillation speed of the cutter is 113 m / min, the metal cutting of the cutting part of the cutter is UF 10 (designation of the Mitsubishi Kinzoku k brand. k: Super hard. tip), main spindle frequency of rotation 500 rpm, cutting speed 2.5 m / min, lubricating cooling liquid - emulsion, duration of the cutting cycle.  6 A result of a single-threading cycle on the workpiece, the thread is cut without burrs, deformation of the product or without damage to the thread and without wear of the cutting part of the cutter, by means of which the thread is cut into tOOOO articles before needing to regrind it for reuse.  6 Example 2 (mechanical treatment).  Similarly to the mode of operation in Example 1, a metric thread is cut in length of 20 mm with a pitch of 0.5 mm (0.75 mm in the other case) on the outer and inner surfaces of tubular billets made of stainless steel, each of which has an outer diameter of 60 mm diameter 50 mm and wall thickness 5 mm.  As a result, they were obtained in one cycle of cutting the product of the required shapes and sizes.  There are no signs of wear on the cutting part of the tool experiencing bending vibrations.  Example 3 (for comparison).  The traditional thread cutting is performed on an anapogical preform in Example 1, and the same thread is cut using the Super hard tip M10 (designation 3IS) as the cutting part of the cutter at a main spindle frequency of 100 rpm and cutting speed 2, 5 m / min  As a result, when cutting in one cycle of a thread with a height of 0.13 mm, the cutting part of the cutter is very worn out and the thread is destroyed, so there is no possibility of threading the required profile and dimensions.  Example 4 (for comparison).  Traditional thread cutting is performed on a similar workpiece in Example 1, and the same thread is cut using the superhard Ml O blade as the cutting part of the cutter at a main spindle speed of 100 rpm and a cutting speed of 2-5 m / min.  As a result, when cutting to a depth of 0.18 mm in 7 threading cycles, a screw thread of a given profile and dimensions was obtained, but the cutting part of the cutter began to wear out from the first product and was worn out after processing 40-50 products, so that it would no longer be possible to learn the thread of the specified profiles and sizes.  The cycle time is approximately 30 seconds.  Example 5 (for comparison).  Similar in example 2, the screw thread is cut into blanks of the same material and the same profile according to the traditional cutting technology, and in one cutting cycle the cutting part of the cutter is partially
13116092614
crumbled, in addition, form- Performance of pre-agnail. As a result, the discarded machine is much higher, there is no possibility of cutting a machine than a machine that performs traditional objectives of a given profile and size — threading, and as a result increases the resistance of the tool and the quality of the thread.
FIG. 2
58 59

CHA
47
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/five
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V7

w. „J
yy-y
AND
5U9 46 56 31 FIG. 3
L i
FIG. four
FIG. five
权利要求:
Claims (1)
[1]
A TURN-SCREW MACHINE containing a bed with a drive mounted on it and kinematically connected to each other, a headstock, a feed box, a longitudinal slide of a support with a lead screw and a cross slide with a tool holder and a cutter, characterized in that., In order to increase tool life and of the quality of the cut thread, a vibrator installed on the transverse slide and connected to the cutter is inserted into the machine and mounted on the tool holder with the possibility of rotation and vertical movement of the frame in which the cutter is placed. 5
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日
JPS5715626A|1982-01-27|
IT8148725D0|1981-06-22|
GB2081158B|1983-06-08|
PL231824A1|1982-02-15|
FR2485415B1|1985-10-31|
FR2485415A1|1981-12-31|
JPS635205B2|1988-02-02|
US4419912A|1983-12-13|
GB2081158A|1982-02-17|
DE3124606C2|1994-06-09|
PL136900B1|1986-04-30|
IT1171319B|1987-06-10|
DE3124606A1|1982-03-11|
MX154593A|1987-10-22|
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CN111558749B|2020-05-22|2021-06-15|鹤山市南海标准件有限公司|Bolt forming processing system and forming processing method thereof|
法律状态:
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
JP55085494A|JPS635205B2|1980-06-24|1980-06-24|
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